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1. Title
2. The Author
3. Dedication
4. Contents
5. Preface
6. Background
7. Atoms
8. Molecules
9. H-Bonding
10. Methane
11. Hydrocarbon
12. Water
13. Linearity
14. Surfaces
15. Ice
16. NMR
17. Ions
18. Stability
19. Ionization
20. Potassium
21.Glucose
22. Sugars
23. Starch
24. Cellulose
25. Bond Energy
26. Cholesterol
27. Transmitters
28. Polypeptides
29. Proteins
30. Enzymes
31. Nucleotides
32. ATP Power
33. cyclic-AMP
34. Photosynth.
35. RNA
36. Coupling
37. trans-RNA
38. Ribosome
39. DNA
40. Double Helix
41. Code Reading
42. Oils and Fats
43. Chlorophyll
44. Phos. Lipids
45. Membranes
46. Active State
47. Myelin
48. Transport
49. Nerve Cell
50. Muscles
51. References
Contact
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Molecules and Water in the Living Cell

An Introduction to the “Transient Linear Hydration Hypothesis”

 J. C. Collins, PhD

For many years, water has been recognized as exercising spatial control over the interactions of the molecules within living cells - for dramatically limiting freedom to provide for high efficiency and control.  And yet, little progress has been made in our understanding of the structuring nature of water.  In the 70’s, a number of proposals were advanced, including one from Linus Pauling, who received a Nobel Prize for his work, The Nature of the Chemical Bond, but water is so ubiquitous and its properties so unique that it has been extremely difficult to validate the proposals.  Without a viable interpretation of the ordering properties of water, it has been impossible to understand how it is involved in regulating molecular shape and motion.

In 1993, the “Transient Linear Hydration Hypothesis” was presented by the author at the 67th Annual Meeting of the American Chemical Society in Toronto Canada and, since that time, two books and two web sites have been published on the concept.  The hypothesis was so contrary to prevailing views that it gained little attention but, within the past few years, high speed analytical techniques have provided definitive evidence that prior views are in question and that the proposal presented in 1993, indeed, may be valid.  The premise is that water molecules within living cells simply have too much kinetic energy to form ordered structural cages, temporal clusters and complex matrices as proposed in the past.  Instead, spatial order is not based on thermodynamic states but on the kinetics of water molecules interacting with each other in a dynamic fashion to form transient linear segments that last for about a billionth of a second.  At any instant, three-dimensional space is essentially quantized by these dynamic linear elements that propagate along surfaces and between charge centers. Integrated over time, all parts of living cells are tied together by instantaneous aqueous lines of communication and order.

But water not only is involved in regulating molecular interactions, it was the patterning medium in which cells evolved and must have been intimately involved in the selection of functional molecules as they first formed.  For example, regulator molecules, such as hormones and neurotransmitters, which bind to critical sites to regulate function, mimic the dimensions of linear, hydrogen-bonded segments of water molecules.  This permits water to reversibly open binding sites and assist these molecules in and out with minimal change in dimension and energy.  Also, phospholipids that compose the inner surfaces of axonal nerve membranes assemble spontaneously in precisely the proper positions to align surface water and permit positive proton pulses to propagate down nerve fibers in an extremely rapid rate with very little resistance.     

What is needed at this stage in history is a mathematics that can simulate the environmental role of water.  Molecular Dynamics has been used successfully to simulate the interactions of atoms within molecules but its application to environmental water, in terms of the polarizability of water molecules and their hydrogen-bonding properties, has just begun.  Nanotechnology has begun to view electronic systems on the molecular level but, until there is a viable theory for water in the living cell, we will not be able to understand how biomolecules can function with such extremely high efficiency.   Hopefully, the THL Hypothesis, as presented here, will hasten the day when Biotechnology will be able to use the molecular systems of plants to efficiently convert sunlight into electrical energy, to use the capacitors of the electric eel to store energy and the molecular motors and circuits in plants, nerves and muscles to perform extremely unique and efficient functions.  

 

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